Changes in blood counts, serum lactate dehydrogenase activity and haptoglobin level in malaria infected subjects in Nnewi, Anambra state, Nigeria

Background: Malaria is a mosquito-borne public health problem which alters the blood counts, haptoglobin level and serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) activity of the infected individuals. Some of the alterations are associated risk factors in malaria pathology. This study aims at elucidating changes in blood counts, sLDH activity and haptoglobin level in malaria infected subjects seen in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nnewi, as search for associated risk factors in malaria pathology.Methods: This cross sectional study enrolled 270 age matched subjects between 18-65 years. The test group (200) who tested positive to P. falciparium was placed into two groups based on their parasite counts with cut-off of  ≥1000 parasites x 109/L. Group one (100) had counts above the cut-off and group two (100) below. The control (70) was aparasitemic. The demographic data were noted and 4mls of blood drawn. 2mls in K3EDTA was for FBC testing using Mythic 22 hematology analyzer, and remaining dispensed into plain tubes was for sLDH assay by kinetic method and haptoglobin by ELISA technique.Results: The HCT, Hb, RBC and Platelet count of test were progressively significantly lowered (p=0.001) compared to control, with an intra-significant difference among the 3 groups (p<0.05), also the parameters were found to have an inverse significant relationship (p=0.001) to the parasite counts. This trend was also seen with haptoglobin while reverse was the case with LDH activity which rather increased significantly (p = 0.000) at opposite direction as parasite density increases.Conclusions: This study show that the degree of intravascular haemolysis is directly influenced by the parasite density, this portends that high endemicity and perennial parasiteamia in the study area could cause chronic anaemia and thrombocytopenia in the population studied.

Are The Haptoglobin Levels Comparable to the Antioxidant Status Levels in Bicycling?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:This study was designed to determine whether the haptoglobin levels are comparable to the antioxidant status levels. 40 athletes and 30 volunteers were enrolled in the study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood samples for serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), haptoglobin, glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and lipoprotein (a) (Lip a) determinations were obtained before and after cyclists completed 300 km bicycle ride. RESULTS:Comparison of the results between the cyclists and control group yielded a signicant difference in serum levels of TG, VLDL-C and LDL-C (P<0.05). The cycling induced a signicant increase in HDL-C, VLDL-C, TG, MDA and TAS levels (P<0.001). Serum LDL-C and Lip a levels were greater before than after cycling (P<0.05). There was no signicant difference among precycling and postcycling haptoglobin levels, whereas the haptoglobin level in control group was signicantly higher than in the cyclists (P<0.001). CONCLUSION:The change in serum antioxidant and lipid levels due to physical activity must be explained as a consequence of the duration of exercise. Further studies are needed to demonstrate haptoglobin's possible role in decreasing oxidative stress during exercise.

Clinical application of AFP, CCL2 and HP in the diagnosis of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective@#To compare the clinical value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and haptoglobin (HP) in the diagnosis of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.@*Methods@#256 patients with colorectal cancer in the 983rd Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of PLAl from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2018 and 92 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. The patients were grouped according to liver metastasis, including liver metastasis group (72 cases) and non-liver metastasis group (184 cases). The serum levels of AFP, CCL2 and HP in different groups were compared. The diagnostic values of AFP, CCL2 and HP in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer were analyzed by ROC curve.@*Results@#The serum concentrations of AFP, CCL2 and HP were increased in the control group, non-liver metastasis group and liver metastasis group in order, and the diffences between any two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The difference in CEA between two experimental groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The difference in CEA between two experimental groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of diagnostic efficacy for colorectal cancer liver metastases showed that AFP+CCL2+HP had the highest sensitivity (93.05%), HP had the highest specificity (92.75%), CCL2+HP had the hightest Judden index (0.80), HP had the highest positive predictive rate (75.60%), and AFP+CCL2+HP had the hightest negative predictive rate (97.92%).@*Conclusions@#Early diagnosis and prevention of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer can improve the long-term survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer. HP, CCL2 and AFP have important clinical value in early diagnosis of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Clinical application of AFP, CCL2 and HP in the diagnosis of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To compare the clinical value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and haptoglobin (HP) in the diagnosis of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Methods 256 patients with colorectal cancer in the 983rd Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of PLAl from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2018 and 92 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. The patients were grouped according to liver metastasis, including liver metastasis group (72 cases) and non-liver metastasis group (184 cases). The serum levels of AFP, CCL2 and HP in different groups were compared. The diagnostic values of AFP, CCL2 and HP in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer were analyzed by ROC curve. Results The serum concentrations of AFP, CCL2 and HP were increased in the control group, non-liver metastasis group and liver metastasis group in order, and the diffences between any two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The difference in CEA between two experimental groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The difference in CEA between two experimental groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of diagnostic efficacy for colorectal cancer liver metastases showed that AFP+CCL2+HP had the highest sensitivity (93.05％), HP had the highest specificity (92.75％), CCL2 +HP had the hightest Judden index (0.80), HP had the highest positive predictive rate (75.60％), and AFP + CCL2+HP had the hightest negative predictive rate (97.92％). Conclusions Early diagnosis and prevention of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer can improve the long-term survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer. HP, CCL2 and AFP have important clinical value in early diagnosis of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Acute phase proteins in bitches subjected to conventional and minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy / Proteínas de fase aguda em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia convencional e minimamente invasiva

The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the possible inflammatory changes by screening acute phase proteins concentrations in healthy bitches subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Minimally invasive and conventional (laparotomy) ovariohysterectomies were performed in 17 client-owned adult female mixed breed dogs. Nine animals were subjected to minimally invasive and eight animals to conventional ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples were taken before surgery, 24, 48 hours, and seven days postoperatively. Serum C-reactive concentration was determined by a commercial ELISA kit and serum haptoglobin concentration was measured via hemoglobin binding assay, both previously validated for use in dogs. As the data did not meet the normal distribution criteria, the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis was performed to compare quantitative variables between groups. One-way ANOVA and the Friedman test were used for multiple comparisons between time points, with a P<0.05 considered significant. C-reactive protein concentration was significantly different (P<0.0001) at 24 hours postoperatively between groups. There was no significant difference in haptoglobin concentration between groups. C-reactive protein and haptoglobin concentrations were significantly different at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively for minimally invasive and conventional ovariohisterectomies. These findings provided an overview of the short-term inflammatory effects produced by minimally invasive and conventional ovariohysterectomies.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o efeito inflamatório, por meio da determinação de proteínas de fase aguda, produzido por dois protocolos cirúrgicos distintos de ovariohisterectomia em cadelas. Para tanto, foram determinadas as concentrações de proteína C reativa (CRP) e haptoglobina (Hp) de 17 cadelas, sem raça definida, adultas, sendo nove animais submetidos à ovariohisterectomia pela técnica convencional por laparotomia e oito a ovariohisterectomia pela técnica minimamente invasiva. Para avaliar a resposta de fase aguda causada pelo trauma cirúrgico, amostras de sangue foram obtidas antes dos procedimentos cirúrgicos e em quatro momentos distintos após as cirurgias (24, 48 horas e sete dias) para as dosagens de CRP e Hp, com kit comercial ELISA e via ensaio de ligação com a hemoglobina, respectivamente, validados para o uso em cães. Como não houve distribuição normal dos dados, utilizou-se o teste de Kruskall-Wallis para comparação das variáveis quantitativas entre os dois grupos. Os testes de Friedman e One-way ANOVA foram usados para comparações múltiplas entre os momentos avaliados, sendo considerado P<0,05 como significante. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,0001) para as concentrações de CRP 24 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico entre os dois protocolos utilizados. Não houve diferença significativa para as concentrações de Hp entre os dois protocolos cirúrgicos. Foram evidenciadas alterações significativas para as concentrações de CRP e Hp 24 e 48 horas após as ovariohisterectomias, independentemente da técnica cirúrgica utilizada. As concentrações de CRP e Hp demonstraram o efeito inflamatório imediato induzido pela ovariohisterectomia convencional e minimamente invasiva.(AU)

Subprodutos do metabolismo da hemoglobina se associam com resposta inflamatória em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico / Hemoglobin metabolism by-products are associated with an inflammatory response in patients with hemorrhagic stroke

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o relacionamento entre os níveis cerebrais de ferro e heme e a resposta inflamatória sistêmica e no sistema nervoso central, assim como o papel dos sistemas de defesa contra a toxicidade do ferro e do heme, no sistema nervoso central. Métodos: Avaliamos uma coorte prospectiva de pacientes com quadro de hemorragia intracraniana e subaracnóidea. Realizamos ensaios em amostras de plasma e líquido cefalorraquidiano quanto à presença de ferro, heme, hemopexina, haptoglobina, enolase, S100-β e citocinas nos primeiros 3 dias após um acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico. Analisamos também as alterações dinâmicas em todos os componentes de ambos os líquidos e seu relacionamento com as taxas de mortalidade precoce. Resultados: As concentrações de hemopexina e haptoglobina foram quase desprezíveis no cérebro após hemorragia intracraniana e subaracnóidea. As concentrações de ferro e heme no líquido cefalorraquidiano se correlacionaram com resposta pró-inflamatória no sistema nervoso central, e os perfis inflamatórios no líquido cefalorraquidiano no terceiro dia após acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico se correlacionaram com as taxas de mortalidade precoce. Identificamos que os níveis de interleucina 4 no líquido cefalorraquidiano durante as primeiras 24 horas após acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico foram mais altos nos sobreviventes do que nos que não sobreviveram. Conclusão: Os níveis de ferro e heme se associaram com resposta pró-inflamatória no sistema nervoso central após acidente vascular cerebral hemorrágico, e o cérebro humano não tem proteção contra hemoglobina e heme. Os perfis inflamatórios dos pacientes se associaram com prognósticos piores, e as respostas inflamatórias locais pareceram ter um papel protetor.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the relationships of brain iron and heme with the inflammatory response of the systemic and central nervous systems and to investigate the role of defensive systems against the toxicity of iron and heme in the central nervous system. Methods: We assessed a prospective cohort of patients presenting with intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. We assayed plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples for the presence of iron, heme, hemopexin, haptoglobin, enolase, S100-β and cytokines for the first three days following hemorrhagic stroke. We also analyzed the dynamic changes in these components within both fluids and their relationship with early mortality rates. Results: Hemopexin and haptoglobin concentrations were nearly negligible in the brain after intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebrospinal fluid iron and heme concentrations correlated with a pro-inflammatory response in the central nervous system, and plasmatic and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory profiles on the third day after hemorrhagic stroke were related to early mortality rates. Interleukin 4 levels within the cerebrospinal fluid during the first 24 hours after hemorrhagic stroke were found to be higher in survivors than in non-survivors. Conclusion: Iron and heme are associated with a pro-inflammatory response in the central nervous system following hemorrhagic stroke, and protections against hemoglobin and heme are lacking within the human brain. Patient inflammatory profiles were associated with a poorer prognosis, and local anti-inflammatory responses appeared to have a protective role.

Effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L. Leaf and Marc Extract with Reduced Tannin Concentration on the Health and Growth Parameters of Newborn Calves

Aim: To study the effects of orally administered mixture of Hippophae rhamnoides leaf and marc extracts (HLM) on health parameters of newborn calves. Study Design: Starting from birth day 0 (D0) till day 15 (D15) the extract of HLM was given orally to newborn calves before feeding them milk at an increased dosage from 5 to 8 ml/calf/ two times a day for prophylaxis of nutritional diarrhoea. The calves were clinically examined and weighed. Biochemical and morphological analyses of blood were determined. Place and Duration of Study: Clinical institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Institute of Horticulture at Latvia University of Agriculture, Jelgava, Latvia; within one year. Methodology: HLM was prepared and chemically analysed.The control (C) and experimental (E) group - each consisted of 10 newborn calves. Clinical examination of calves was performed every day. Calves were weighed on D0, D15, D30, venous blood samples for biochemical and haematological analyses were collected on D1, D10, D15, D30. Data were analysed using software program SPSS 17.5. Results: Tannin content decreased by 33.14% in HLM after addition of polyethylene glycol. In E, there was a better thermoregulation on D1. Diarrhoea incidence was fewer in E group (3 calves) than in C group (5 calves) and diarrhoea started later in E group (D6) compared to C group (D4). Daily weight gain on D0-D15 was significantly higher in E (473.1+/-35.0 g/day) than in C (386.6+/-36.9 g/day) (P= .05) and it correlated (r =- .625) with serum haptoglobin (Hpt) concentration. In E, Hpt significantly decreased on D10 and D15, compared with C. In E there was induced reduction of lymphocytes’ count in blood- on D30 it was 27.9±6.5 x109/μL (P< .01), lower than in C- 64±2.1 x109/μL. Conclusion: HLM as feed additive can reduce diarrhoea incidences in calves, promote growth rate, reduce Hpt concentration and lymphocytes’ count in blood.

Resposta inflamatória peritoneal de asininos (Equus asinus) submetidos à ovariectomia por laparotomia e laparoscopia / Peritoneal inflammatory response of the donkeys (Equus asinus) submitted ovariectomy by laparotomy and laparoscopy

Objetivou-se avaliar resposta inflamatória e concentrações de proteínas em líquido peritonealde asininas submetidas à ovariectomia por laparotomia e laparoscopia. Foram utilizadas 18 fêmeas adultas, pesando em média 100kg, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos, de nove animais cada: o grupo I, em que foram ovariectomizadas por laparotomia, e o grupo II por laparoscopia. Após as cirurgias, em ambos os grupos foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis no líquido peritoneal: pH, densidade, número de hemácias, leucócitos e proteínas de fase aguda (fibrinogênio, haptoglobina, albumina, antitripsina, alfa-1 glicoproteína ácida, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, imunoglobulinas A e G). Todas as variáveis foram analisadas antes das cirurgias, 12, 24, 48, 72 horas, oito e 16 dias após os procedimentos cirúrgicos. O número de hemácias e leucócitos aumentou 24 horas depois das cirurgias nos dois grupos. Haptoglobina, alfa-1 glicoproteína ácida,albumina, transferrina, gamaglobulinas A, G e proteínas totais aumentaram nos dois grupos. As concentrações de ceruloplasmina não variaram enquanto a antitripsina não foi detectada no líquido peritoneal de asininos.Foi identificada uma proteína com23.000kD, que não tem denominação nem descrição no líquido peritoneal de asininos.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response and protein concentrations in the peritoneal fluid of donkeys submitted to laparotomy and laparoscopic ovariectomy. Eighteen adult females, weighing on average 100kg, were divided into two groups, of 09 animals each, where in group I, they were ovariectomized by laparotomy and group II by laparoscopy. Following the surgeries, the following variables were evaluated in the peritoneal fluid: pH, density, number of red cells, leukocytes and acute phase proteins (fibrinogen, haptoglobin, albumin, antitrypsin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, Immunoglobulins A and G). All variables were analyzed before the surgeries, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, 8 and 16 days after the surgical procedures. The number of red cells and leukocytes increased 24 hours after the surgeries in both groups. Haptoglobin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, albumin, transferrin, gammaglobulins A and G, and total proteins increased in both groups. Concentrations of ceruloplasmin did not change while antitrypsin was not detected in the asinine peritoneal fluid. A protein of 23,000kD, which has no name or description in the peritoneal liquid of donkeys, has been identified.(AU)

Application value of haptoglobin as bile and serum biomarkers for biliary tract carcinoma / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To detect cancer-related biomarkers for early diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma. Methods Bile and serums were obtained from patients with histopathologically proven malignant or benign biliary diseases, and clinical data of patients were recorded. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(2D-LC-MS/MS)was applied to detect the differential protein profiles in the bile. Western blot was used to validate the results in the biles and serums. Results Ten differential protein profiles were detected in 4 protein groups. Among them, the expression of haptoglobin significantly increased in the bile of patients with malignancy. This result was further verified using Western blot. Conclusion Haptoglobin may be a potential biomarker for biliary tract carcinoma.

Imunidade celular em vacas Holandesas soropositivas para o Vírus da Leucose Bovina (BLV) durante o período de transição / Cellular immunity in Holstein cows seropositive for Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) during the transition period

Esta pesquisa avaliou a dinâmica dos leucócitos e das subpopulações de linfócitos em vacas Holandesas soropositivas para o BLV no período de transição. Amostras de sangue (n=72) provenientes de 12 vacas foram coletadas entre as semanas -2 e +3 para a realização do leucograma, imunofenotipagem, dosagem de cortisol e haptoglobina (Hp). O perfil leucocitário foi caracterizado por leucocitose, neutrofilia, monocitose e eosinopenia próximo ao parto. Linfocitose e elevada proporção de linfócitos B CD21+ foram achados constantes entre as semanas -2 e +3; assim, as vacas foram testadas e confirmadas soropositivas para o BLV. Os valores das subpopulações de linfócitos T apresentaram-se baixos durante o período de transição, observando-se dois picos máximos que coincidiram com as elevações nas concentrações de cortisol no parto (2,11µg/dL) e semana +3 (1,97µg/dL). Hp apresentou aumento crescente de -2 (166µg/mL) a +3 (576µg/mL), provavelmente associada à elevada taxa de infecções uterinas observadas nas semanas +2 e +3. As vacas soropositivas para o BLV apresentaram leucograma de estresse próximo ao parto, exceto para linfócitos. A linfocitose e as elevadas proporções de células B CD21+, associadas com as baixas proporções de células T, podem ser indicativo de imunossupressão e predisposição aos processos inflamatórios no período pós-parto.(AU)

This research evaluated the dynamics of leukocytes and lymphocytes subsets in seropositive Holstein cows for BLV during the transition period. Blood samples (n=72) from 12 cows were harvested from week -2 up to week +3 to perform leukogram, immunophenotyping, cortisol and haptoglobin (Hp). Leukocytes pattern was characterized by leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis and eosinopenia around calving. Lymphocytosis and high proportions of B cells CD21+ were a constant finding between week -2 and +3, thus cows were tested and confirmed seropositive for BLV. The values of T lymphocytes subsets were low during the transition period, observing two peaks that coincided with high levels of cortisol at delivery (2.11µg/dL) and week +3 (1.97µg/dL). Hp had gradual increase from week -2 (166µg/mL) until week +3 (576g/mL) probably due to high rate of uterine infection detected between week +2 and +3. The seropositive cows for BLV presented stress leukogram around delivery, except for lymphocytes. Lymphocytosis and the high proportions of B cells, associated with the low proportions of T lymphocytes, can be indicative of immunosuppression and predisposition to the inflammatory process observed in the post-partum period.(AU)

Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins in goats and ewes with naturally acquired Staphylococcus aureus mastitis / Concentração de proteínas de fase aguda em cabras e ovelhas com mastite de ocorrência natural causada por Staphylococcus aureus

Serum protein concentrations, including acute phase proteins (APPs), of goats and ewes with naturally acquired Sthaphylococcus aureus mastitis were determined by means of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis to evaluate the relevance of these APPs as biomarkers of the disease in these species. Fifteen healthy goats and 5 goats with naturally acquired staphylococci mastitis, as well as fifteen healthy ewes and 5 ewes with staphylococci mastitis were submitted to daily blood sampling during 7 days. In goats, an increase of 570%, 125%, 621%, and 279% in serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and α1-acid glycoprotein, respectively, was observed. In sheep the increase in serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and α1-acid glycoprotein was of 337%, 90%, 461%, and 225%, respectively. Our results indicate that these APPs have considerable potencial as early and sensible biomarkers of mastitis caused by S. aureus in goats and sheep.(AU)

O proteinograma, incluindo proteínas de fase aguda (PFAs), de cabras e ovelhas com mastite de origem natural causada por Staphylococcus aureus, foi determinado por meio de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE) a fim de avaliar a importância destas PFAs como biomarcadores da enfermidade nestas espécies. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas diariamente de cinco cabras e cinco ovelhas com mastite estafilocócica naturalmente adquirida, bem como de quinze cabras e quinzes ovelhas saudáveis durante 6 dias consecutivos. Nas fêmeas caprinas, foi verificado aumento dos teores séricos de ceruloplasmina (570%), fibrinogênio (125%), haptoglobina (621%), e α1-glicoproteína ácida (279%). Nas fêmeas ovinas as concentrações de ceruloplasmina, fibrinogênio, haptoglobina e α1-glicoproteína ácida elevaram-se em 337%, 90,9%, 461% e 225%, respectivamente. Os resultados permitem inferir que estas PFAs são marcadores sensíveis e precoces de mastite causada por S. aureus em cabras e ovelhas.(AU)

Application of Haptoglobin in Cervical Cancer Diagnosis / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum Haptoglobin (Hp)levels in cervical cancer patients.Methods Serum Hp (with immunoturbidimetry method),SCC,CA125 (with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method)level were detected in 45 patients with cervical cancer,37patients with cervical benign disease and 41 female healthy controls.Re-sults Serum Hp level of cervical cancer patients (mean:1.69 g/L)was strongly higher than the level of cervical benign dis-ease patients (mean:0.90g/L)and healthy subjects (mean:0.69 g/L)(t=3.26,4.42,P=0.001,0.000,respectively).Hp level rises highly in the early stage of cervical cancer.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC)of Hp was 0.853 which was higher than SCC (AUC=0.751)and CA125 (AUC=0.494).The sensitivity of Hp,SCC,and CA125 were 87%,49% and 29% respectively.The specificity of Hp,SCC and CA125 were 68%,88% and 83% respective-ly.Three tumor markers combined together could produce a positive detection rate of 93%.Conclusion The detection of Hp has clinic significance on diagnosis of cervical cancer,and it’s possible to become a serum tumor marker.

Research progress of the association between Hp polymorphism and diabetic vascular complications / 中国糖尿病杂志

Haptoglobin (Hp),also known as hemopexin,is an acute phase protein expressed predominantly in the liver.Hp binds to free Hemoglobin (Hb),and this Ht-Hb complex is degraded via CD163 (macrophage scavenger receptor)-mediated endocytosis,which subsequently blocks Hb-induced oxidative damage.There are three major human Hp genotypes:HP1-1,HP2-1,and HP2-2.Studies have shown that different HP genotype has distinct impact on diabetic vascular complications.In this review,we focus on the association between HP polymorphisms and diabetic vascular complications.

Identification of novel biomarkers for adult-onset-immunodeficiency (AOID) syndrome using serum proteomics

OBJECTIVE@#To identify the candidate protein biomarkers of adult-onset-immunodeficiency (AOID) syndrome using serum proteomics.@*METHODS@#Screening and verification phases were performed in the study. A total of 97 serum samples were classified into three groups: AOID patients with opportunistic infections (active AOID), AOID patients without opportunistic infections (inactive AOID), and healthy control. In the screening phase, pooled sera collected from patients and healthy control in each group were separated by 2D-gel electrophoresis, analyzed for differentially expressed proteins and identified for biomarkers using LC/MS. In the verification phase, the protein candidates were selected for confirmation by western blotting.@*RESULTS@#The analysis revealed 35 differentially expressed proteins. Three proteins including haptoglobin, gelsolin, and transthyretin, were selected for verification. The results showed that the levels of haptoglobin in both active and inactive AOID groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, while the levels of gelsolin in the active AOID group were significantly lower than that in the inactive AOID group. The level of transthyretin in the active AOID group was also significantly lower than that in the control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The comparison of serum proteins between the three groups revealed three candidates which are related to chronic inflammatory diseases. Haptoglobin and transthyretin biomarkers could be applied in clinical assessment for monitor of disease outcome, including for the study of AOID pathogenesis.

Proteomic techniques based protein biomarkerssearching and validation in pleural effusion / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective Through analyzing benign and malignant pleural effusion samples by proteomic techniques, finding protein biomarkers to provide help and new clues for effusion differential diagnosis.Methods Two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to search and identify protein biomarkers, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was to validate the biomarkers.Results By comparing malignant group with benign group, 43 significantly different protein spots(Up or down regulated≥2 times) were found.Including 9 up regulated spots and 34 down regulated spots.And 7 spots were identified(Up or down regulated≥3 times) by MALDI-TOF-MS and validated 2 spots immunoglobulin λ(Igλ) and haptoglobin(Hp) by ELISA.The results showed that Igλ showed no statistical significance between two groups, while Hp showed the statistical significance(P<0.05).The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of Hp in malignant pleural effusion were 75.00% and 52.38% at diagnostic cut-off point of 389.02 μg/L.Conclusion The application of proteomics technology has a great help with protein biomarkers searching in pleural effusion.HP has a certain value for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pleural effusionand and worthy of further study.

Study on haptoglobin polymorphism and plasma concentration in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the correlation between the serum haptoglobin (Hp) level and the metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and explore the distribution of Hp genotype and allele frequency in PCOS patients and their correlations with PCOS. Methods·A total of 106 patients with PCOS and 86 cases of patients with non-hyperandrogenic and regular menstruation (control group) were enrolled. Serum Hp level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Hp genotype and allele frequency were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Results·The serum Hp level in PCOS group was significant higher than that in the control group (P=0.000). Correlation analysis reveals that serum Hp level was positively related to body mass index (BMI) (P=0.000) and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P=0.000). Compared with control group, proportion of Hp2-2 genotype (Hp2/Hp2) increased significantly in PCOS group (P=0.006), and the frequency of Hp2 allele was also higher (P=0.002). Conclusion·Serum Hp level was positively related to BMI and HOMA-IR, which maybe associated with the occurrence and development of obesity and insulin resistance. Patients with Hp2-2 genotype might have genetic predisposition to PCOS, and high frequency Hp2 allele was found in them.

Identification of novel biomarkers for adult-onset-immunodeficiency (AOID) syndrome using serum proteomics

Objective To identify the candidate protein biomarkers of adult-onset-immunodeficiency (AOID) syndrome using serum proteomics. Methods Screening and verification phases were performed in the study. A total of 97 serum samples were classified into three groups: AOID patients with opportunistic infections (active AOID), AOID patients without opportunistic infections (inactive AOID), and healthy control. In the screening phase, pooled sera collected from patients and healthy control in each group were separated by 2D-gel electrophoresis, analyzed for differentially expressed proteins and identified for biomarkers using LC/MS. In the verification phase, the protein candidates were selected for confirmation by western blotting. Results The analysis revealed 35 differentially expressed proteins. Three proteins including haptoglobin, gelsolin, and transthyretin, were selected for verification. The results showed that the levels of haptoglobin in both active and inactive AOID groups were significantly higher than that in the control group, while the levels of gelsolin in the active AOID group were significantly lower than that in the inactive AOID group. The level of transthyretin in the active AOID group was also significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusions The comparison of serum proteins between the three groups revealed three candidates which are related to chronic inflammatory diseases. Haptoglobin and transthyretin biomarkers could be applied in clinical assessment for monitor of disease outcome, including for the study of AOID pathogenesis.

Isolation and purification of human haptoglobin by ion exchange chromatography / 军事医学

Objective To develop an effective process for isolating and purifying haptoglobin ( Hp) from Cohn fractionⅣby a new ion exchange chromatography and to preliminarily identify and analyze the product of each purification step . Methods The fraction was first diluted and impurities were adsorbed with Rivanol .Then, the supernatant was treated with 50%ammonium sulfate.Finally, the precipitate was redissolved , and Hp was purified further with Q Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography .Native-PAGE was used to measure the activity of the haptoglobin-bound hemoglobin , while SDS-PAGE analysis and immunoblot were used for identification of the target protein .Results After pretreatment , some of the impuri-ties were removed from the Cohn fraction Ⅳ, and the target protein was enriched .In our case, the target protein was Hp and Hp2-2 was the main phenotype in the human plasma fraction Ⅳ.Target protein band and high purity were identified by SDS-PAGE.Immunoblot analysis further proved that this method could successfully isolate the target protein Hp , and the activity of 2.8 U/ml was measured by Native-PAGE method.Conclusion Haptoglobin is successfully isolated from human Cohn fractionⅣwith this method.The purification process is simple and suitable for scale-up production with a good prospect.

Haptoglobin gene polymorphisms and interleukin-6 and -8 levels in patients with sickle cell anemia

BACKGROUND: Haptoglobin genotypes, and interleukin-6 and -8 participate in the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia. The expression of cytokines is regulated by genetic mechanisms however the effect of haptoglobin polymorphisms on these cytokines is not fully understood. This study aimed to compare the frequency of haptoglobin genotypes and the interleukin-6 and -8 concentrations in sickle cell anemia patients and controls to investigate the association between haptoglobin genotypes and cytokine levels.METHODS: Sixty sickle cell anemia patients and 74 healthy individuals were analyzed. Haptoglobin genotypes were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and the interleukin-6 and -8 levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The association between haptoglobin genotypes and cytokines was investigated by statistical tests.RESULTS:Hp2-1 was the most common genotype in both the cases and controls while Hp1-1 was less frequent among sickle cell anemia patients. Interleukin-6 and -8 levels were higher in patients than controls (p-value <0.0001). There was no significant difference in interleukin-6 and -8 concentrations between the genotypes (p-value >0.05). A similar trend was observed among the controls.CONCLUSION: Although, levels of interleukin-6 and -8 were higher in the sickle cell anemia patients, they appeared not to be related to the haptoglobin genotypes. Further investigations are necessary to identify factors responsible for increased secretion of the interleukin-6 and -8 pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with sickle cell anemia.

The effect of IL-22 recombinant lentivirus on proliferation of liver cell / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of IL-22 recombinant lentivirus on proliferation of liver cell.Methods We cultivated human normal hepatocyte L02 in vitro,IL-22 recombinant lentivirus infected L02,the efficiency of infection was detected after infection for 1,3,5 days by fluorescence microscop,and the expression of IL-22 was assayed by ELISA.Then set 3 treatment groups,including infected IL-22 recombinant lentivirus group,infected empty lentivirus group,uninfected group.After infection for 48 h,the expression of haptoglobin mRNA in L02 was assayed by RT-PCR.The proliferative activity of L02 was detected by MTT after infection for 48,72,96 h,respectively.Using immunocytochemistry tested the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),after treatment for 24 h.Results The efficiency of infection was up to(90.12±3.45)% after IL-22 recombinant lentivir-us infection for 3 days,it was highest,compared with infection for 1 day and 5days.According to our data,after infection for 3 days, the expressions of IL-22 was outstanding increase compared with infection for 1 day and 5 days(P 0.05).The proliferative activi-ty of L02 was obviously more increased in infected IL-22 recombinant lentivirus group than that in infected empty lentivirus group and uninfected group each point in time(P 0.05 ).Conclusion IL-22 could promote the expression of haptoglobin mRNA and PCNA in L02,and enhance the proliferative activity of L02.Therefore,IL-22 may stimulate liver cell regeneration.